Teatro kabuki

El Kabuki es una de las formas antiguas de teatro japonés, junto con el teatro Noh y el Bunraku.

El Kabuki fue ideado al final del reinado Edo, durante el siglo XVI. El Kabuki era un arte contemplado tanto por las clases altas como por las clases más bajas de una sociedad que, como la japonesa, estaba claramente dividida.

Las obras Kabuki pueden ser de distintas temáticas. Por un lado están los Dramas históricos (jidai mono), en los que se cuentan hechos reales e históricos de gente de clase alta. Suelen ser tragedias, pero con elementos cómicos. También podemos encontrar obras en las que se enseñen disputas entre la plebe y el señor feudal. Otro tipo de temática es la del drama doméstico (sewa mono) en la que se cuentan hechos protagonizados por gente de clase baja. Suelen ser historias reales aunque con elementos de fantasía en ocasiones.

Las historias de Kabuki podían ser adaptaciones de otros géneros teatrales ( Bunraku o Teatro Noh.

En su origen, tanto hombres como mujeres podían ser actores de Kabuki. Este hecho hizo que muchas mujeres gozasen de éxito entre el público masculino. Esta situación provocó que en 1629, dentro del shogunato Tokuwaga, se prohibiera que las mujeres pudieran actuar en el Kabuki. A partir de ese momento, fueron los hombres los que representaron estas obras, incluso los papeles femeninos, para los que había especialistas. A estos actores se les llama onnagata y han llegado a formar una parte muy importante dentro del Kabuki.

Aqui un trozo de una obra que he encontrado en youtube


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72IjyxGU8sk&feature=related

La verdad es que da un poco de miedo xD

Lo flipante es como pueden tirarse tanto tiempo medio de cuclillas, es cansadísimo ò.ó

Vale, yo hice un trabajo sobre el teatro Kabuki, lo cuelgo, aunque está en inglés, quien lo entienda, chachi, quien no... quizá algún dia lo traduzca xDDDDDDD



I have always felt curiosity about Kabuki theater but never knew much about it, I just thought it was an interesting aspect of Japanese. In fact, writing this essay has made me read and learn more about it.The word Kabuki came from the ancient verb kabuku, which meant to incline in a certain direction, literally and metaphorically (being different). When Kabuki started, its colorfulness and gaudiness caused that people called it that way. After, the ideograms for it changed to 歌 (sing), 舞 (dance) and 伎 (ability). Aesthetic is very important in this art, the formalized acting, well represented by the mie technique and the idealized language used in it; the beauty of the color scheme showed in the keshô make up (oshiroi, kumadori) and the costumes, that makes Kabuki easily recognizable for people not used to this art; and the music, that serves to accompany the acting or just to create an atmosphere, is played by hidden musicians and with the shamisen as the most important instrument. One thing that I find important to mention is the Hanamachi, a passageway for the actors to come to the stage that can be seen by the public, and where actors show them very important clues to understanding their rolls.
The origins of the Kabuki are attributed to Izumo no Okumi, who in 1609 began to do a kind of dramatic dance where women played both rolls, man and woman ones. Okumi’s style succeeded so much that she had many rivals. But this Kabuki played by women was often indecent and suggestive (when it was played by imitators), so the shogun government prohibited women to play Kabuki in the year 1629.

Then, young actors took women place, changing a bit the way Kabuki was played. The plays were still indecent though, so young men also became not allowed to play Kabuki.
This way, in 1653, a new genre of Kabuki grew up, yarô kabuki, the men (grown men) Kabuki.

Now days there are also women who play Kabuki, but in that time, they had onnagata, men who always played women rolls. There were other specialized actors as aragotoshi ones, who played male rolls exaggerating his character in every way for demonstrate his power; and the wagotoshi, who is the actor who plays the gentle young hero. This specialists still exist, even the onnagata.

Between 1673 and 1735, the Genroku age, Kabuki prospered a lot, but at the middle of the XVIII century it was put on a second place while the bunraku was the most popular scenic art. At the end of the same century it began to regrow.

When Japan opened its frontiers, Kabuki actors approached their art to the high society and adapted it to the current tastes, but during the II World War, Kabuki theater became prohibited. Anyway, in 1974 this prohibition disappeared and Kabuki became the most popular Japanese drama style until today.

The most important kinds of Kabuki plays are the jidaimono, which are historic dramas, the sewamono, which is a drama about the daily life and the shosagoto, a dance-drama.

I also wanted to mention a play of which I read about and I found very beautiful:
One of the first professional authors of Kabuki was Chikamatsu Monzaemon, whose most important play is perhaps Sonezaki Shinjû, this play was thought for being played as a bunraku play but as many of this kind of plays in that days, it was adapted to Kabuki style. This play (based on real facts) talked about two young lovers that were in a big trouble, they saw no way out of it but killing themselves, so they committed the double suicide, without knowing that they were no more in trouble. This kind of story, known as shinjûmono, led many couples to take the same decisions that its protagonists took, what obliged the Shogun’s government to prohibit them.

Ya conocia algo de este teatro porque me lo comento un dia hiaki y me quede asi como diciendo porque a las mujeres la apartan y los hombres reaizaban el teatro tanto masculino como femenino? , no obstante me ha gustado este trozo de la obra y el aporte me ha gustado ^^ , buen trabajo

Las mujeres quedaron apartadas del Kabuki por que muchas complementaban el teatro con la prostitución xD pero ahora ya no lo tienen prohibido y de hecho hay actrices de Kabuki òwó